Second Law of Thermodynamics without Einstein Relation

TYPEStatistical & Bio Seminar
Speaker:Benjamin Sorkin
Affiliation:Tel Aviv University
Organizer:Anna Frishman
Date:07.07.2024
Time:11:30
Location:Lidow 620
Abstract:

Materials that are constantly driven out of thermodynamic equilibrium, such as active and living systems, typically violate the Einstein relation. This may arise from active contributions to particle fluctuations which are unrelated to the dissipative resistance of the surrounding medium. We show that in these cases the widely used relation between informatic entropy production and heat dissipation does not hold. Consequently, fluctuation relations for the mechanical work, such as the Jarzynski and Crooks theorems, are invalid. We relate the breaking of the correspondence between entropy production and heat dissipation to departure from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We propose a temperature-like variable which restores this correspondence and gives rise to a generalized second law of thermodynamics, whereby the dissipated heat is necessarily nonnegative and vanishes at equilibrium. The Clausius inequality, Carnot maximum efficiency theorem, and relation between the extractable work and the change of free energy are recovered as well.

 

A joint work with Haim Diamant (Tel Aviv University), Gil Ariel (Bar-Ilan University), and Tomer Markovich (Tel Aviv University).