Hollow Cathode (HC) is known as one of the best high-current plasma sources and it plays a crucial role in electrostatic and Hall ion thrusters providing electrons to neutralize the ion beam self-space charge and/or to ionize the propellant. The plasma parameters within the HC and plasma interaction with the HC walls determine the efficiency and life-time of the HC operation.
Results of numerical modeling using different models of the plasma parameters in the insert and orifice regions of the HC will be presented and compared. | 
